Which file system format allows for case-sensitive file names?

The correct choice is Mac OS Extended, which is the file system format that supports case-sensitive file names. This format is widely used in macOS environments and can differentiate between files with names that differ only by case, such as "File.txt" and "file.txt."

In contrast, the Mac OS Extended (Journaled) variant combines this case sensitivity with journaling features for improved data integrity and recovery. However, there are specific configurations of Mac OS Extended that can be set to not be case-sensitive, thus not supporting the differentiation that would allow both file names to coexist.

APM (Apple Partition Map) is not a file system, but rather a partitioning scheme used on older Mac computers, while FAT32 is a file system primarily used for compatibility across different operating systems and does not support case sensitivity, treating "File.txt" and "file.txt" as the same file.