What is the main purpose of a protocol in networking?

The main purpose of a protocol in networking is to govern communication between devices. Protocols are essential rules and standards that determine how data is transmitted and received over a network. They define the syntax, semantics, and synchronization of communication, ensuring that devices can understand each other regardless of their underlying hardware or software differences. Without protocols, it would be challenging for devices to communicate effectively, which could lead to errors and inefficiencies in data transfer.

Protocols can cover various aspects of communication, including how data packets are structured, how devices establish and terminate connections, error detection and correction methods, and how to manage data flow. Examples of networking protocols include TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, and more, each serving specific functions to facilitate seamless interaction over networks.